Cheatsheet: Side Gigs, Passive Income and Investments¶

Quick reference for key rates, tables, formulas, and decision frameworks used throughout this topic.

Table of Contents¶

• Tax Tables
• Investment Comparison Table
• Key Formulas
• Decision Frameworks
• MEI Quick Reference
• Brazilian Investment Alphabet

Tax Tables¶

IRPF 2024 — Tabela Progressiva (Salário/Renda)¶

IR sobre Renda Fixa — Tabela Regressiva¶

[!TIP] Applies to CDB, Tesouro Direto, debentures não-incentivadas, and most other renda fixa. LCI and LCA are exempt from this table for individuals.

IOF sobre Renda Fixa (resgate antes de 30 dias)¶

GCAP — Imposto sobre Ganho de Capital¶

[!WARNING] The isenção de R\(20k for ações applies to **total sales volume** in the month, not to gains. If you sell R\)21.000 of ações in one month (even at a small gain), the ENTIRE gain — not just the gain above R$20k — is taxable.

Investment Comparison Table¶

*FII dividend exemption applies to individuals holding <10% of quotas in a fund with ≥50 quotaholders

Key Formulas¶

Retorno Real (Real Return)¶

Retorno Real = ((1 + Retorno Nominal) / (1 + Inflação)) - 1

Example: CDB at 13% with IPCA at 5%: (1.13 / 1.05) - 1 = 7.6% real

Equivalência CDB vs. LCI (Comparação Líquida)¶

LCI equivalente = Rentabilidade CDB × (1 - alíquota IR)

Example: CDB at 12% CDI for 1 year (alíquota 17,5%): 12% × (1 - 0.175) = 9.9% líquido An LCI at 9.5% CDI is WORSE. An LCI at 10.5% CDI is BETTER.

Dividend Yield (DY) de FII¶

DY (mensal) = Dividendo por Cota / Preço da Cota
DY (anual) = DY mensal × 12

Price-to-Book (P/VP) de FII¶

P/VP = Preço de Mercado da Cota / Valor Patrimonial por Cota

P/VP < 1.0: cotas negociadas abaixo do valor patrimonial dos ativos (potencial oportunidade) P/VP > 1.0: cotas negociadas acima do valor patrimonial

Regra dos 4% (Safe Withdrawal Rate — SWR)¶

Patrimônio necessário para FI = Despesas Anuais / 0,04

Example: R\(5.000/mês × 12 = R\)60.000/ano → Patrimônio alvo: R$1.500.000

[!WARNING] The 4% rule was derived from US historical data. In Brazil's high-inflation environment, many practitioners use 3%–3.5% (more conservative) or adjust using real yields of Brazilian fixed income.

Montante com Juros Compostos¶

M = P × (1 + i)^n

Where P = principal, i = taxa por período, n = número de períodos

Example: R$10.000 at 1% per month for 12 months: 10.000 × (1.01)^12 = R$11.268

Decision Frameworks¶

Choosing Where to Invest (Simplified)¶

flowchart TD
    A["Do you have an emergency fund\n(3-6 months expenses)?"] -->|No| B["Build emergency fund first\n→ Tesouro Selic or CDB liquidez diária"]
    A -->|Yes| C["Investment horizon?"]
    C -->|"< 1 year"| D["Renda fixa\n→ CDB, LCI/LCA, Tesouro Selic"]
    C -->|"1-5 years"| E["Mix renda fixa + FIIs\n→ IPCA+, CDB médio prazo, FIIs consolidados"]
    C -->|"> 5 years"| F["Renda variável ok\n→ ETFs, ações, FIIs growth, Tesouro IPCA+ longo"]

MEI vs. Pessoa Física vs. LTDA¶

MEI Quick Reference¶

Brazilian Investment Alphabet¶